Regarding the Housefly Hadith (Sahih al-Bukhari 3320)
- Sahih al-Bukhari 3320
People challenging Islam, claim this is unscientific. Let's see the scientific research:
From, The Right-Wing of Fly (Musca Domestica) as a Neutralization of Drinks Contaminated by Microbes by Ivena Claresta, Dianti Desita Sari, Susi Nurohmi, Fatimah and Amilia Yuni Damayanti from Darussalam Gontor University, Indonesia:
From the conducted research, it is proven that right-wing of Musca Domestica fly can neutralize the drinks that have been contaminated by the Escherichia coli bacteria
From, Microbiological Studies on Fly Wings (Musca domestica) Where Disease and Treat by Rehab Mohammed Atta from Microbiology and Immunology Department, National Research Center, Egypt:
From the present data it could be concluded that the right wing of fly is considered as a new revolution of antibiotic, for this reason it is recommended to do further researches to extract a lot of antibiotics from right fly wing.
From, Chapter 1 - Antimicrobial peptides from the housefly by Yao Liu , Jia Zhong , Liya Tian and Chenyang Li from Studies in Natural Products Chemistry Volume 82, 2024, Pages 1-31:
AMPs isolated from the housefly have small molecular weights, high thermal stability, and good water solubility. These AMPs have a wide spectrum of inhibitory activities against fungi, viruses, cancer cells, and even bacterial drug resistance. The multiple properties of AMPs from houseflies make them optimistic and powerful candidates to replace traditional drugs.
From, Identification and characterization of a novel antimicrobial protein from the housefly Musca domestica by Guo Guo, Ruyu Tao, Yan Li, Huiling Ma, Jiangfan Xiu, Ping Fu, Jianwei Wu from School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, China:
The results presented in this study show that AMP17 is able to kill C. albicans with great potency and that it can efficiently inhibit growth of bacteria. The mechanisms by which AMPs kill microorganisms vary case by case and are largely unknown. However, several proposed mechanisms for killing bacteria share some common features. For example, most AMPs can disrupt the integrity of bacterial cell and to achieve this, interaction between AMP molecules and bacterial membrane component(s) is necessary [10, 27]. In the case of AMP17, treated C. albicans cells were elongated and adhering to each other(Fig. 4G/H), quite different from what observed with fluconazole-treated cells (Fig. 4C/D). The antifungal activity of fluconazole relates to their inhibition of membrane sterol synthesis by fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes [28]. The observed cell distortion on AMP17-treated cells could be a consequence of direct interaction of AMP17 with cell membrane component(s) since AMP17 is too large to permeate freely into the cells. The elongated cell shape and small cell size are signs indicating that the cells are suffering from serious environmental stress.
From, Antioxidant, antifungal and antiviral activities of chitosan from the larvae of housefly, Musca domestica L. by Hui Ai, Furong Wang, Yuqian Xia, Xiaomin Chen, Chaoliang Lei from Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Huazhong Normal University, China and Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Utilization & Sustainable Pest Management of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, PR China:
In conclusion, the chitosan from the larvae of housefly possesses antioxidant activity, antifungal activity and antiviral activity. The present observations appear to give some support to the traditional use of the housefly larvae in Chinese traditional medicine (Li, 1981), although its pharmacological mechanism currently cannot be explained in detail. This kind of chitosan had the potential as natural antioxidant for functional food products or anti fungal agents. Antiviral results of the chitosan demonstrated that it could replace chemical pesticide to prevent and control infection of economic insect by viral pathogens, avoiding environmental pollution. In addition, possible antiviral effects of the chitosan from larvae of housefly against human infectious virus such us influenza virus and herpes simplex virus will be further examined and investigated. These studies are important in the utilisation of housefly larvae and exploitation of their commercial value.
Source: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnsv/66/Supplement/66_S283/_pdf
Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337926012_Microbiological_studies_on_fly_wings_Musca_domestica_where_disease_and_treat
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/bookseries/abs/pii/B9780443157561000057
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006291X17312433
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26434321/
The results presented in this study show that AMP17 is able to kill C. albicans with great potency and that it can efficiently inhibit growth of bacteria. The mechanisms by which AMPs kill microorganisms vary case by case and are largely unknown. However, several proposed mechanisms for killing bacteria share some common features. For example, most AMPs can disrupt the integrity of bacterial cell and to achieve this, interaction between AMP molecules and bacterial membrane component(s) is necessary [10, 27]. In the case of AMP17, treated C. albicans cells were elongated and adhering to each other(Fig. 4G/H), quite different from what observed with fluconazole-treated cells (Fig. 4C/D). The antifungal activity of fluconazole relates to their inhibition of membrane sterol synthesis by fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes [28]. The observed cell distortion on AMP17-treated cells could be a consequence of direct interaction of AMP17 with cell membrane component(s) since AMP17 is too large to permeate freely into the cells. The elongated cell shape and small cell size are signs indicating that the cells are suffering from serious environmental stress.
From, Antioxidant, antifungal and antiviral activities of chitosan from the larvae of housefly, Musca domestica L. by Hui Ai, Furong Wang, Yuqian Xia, Xiaomin Chen, Chaoliang Lei from Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Huazhong Normal University, China and Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Utilization & Sustainable Pest Management of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, PR China:
In conclusion, the chitosan from the larvae of housefly possesses antioxidant activity, antifungal activity and antiviral activity. The present observations appear to give some support to the traditional use of the housefly larvae in Chinese traditional medicine (Li, 1981), although its pharmacological mechanism currently cannot be explained in detail. This kind of chitosan had the potential as natural antioxidant for functional food products or anti fungal agents. Antiviral results of the chitosan demonstrated that it could replace chemical pesticide to prevent and control infection of economic insect by viral pathogens, avoiding environmental pollution. In addition, possible antiviral effects of the chitosan from larvae of housefly against human infectious virus such us influenza virus and herpes simplex virus will be further examined and investigated. These studies are important in the utilisation of housefly larvae and exploitation of their commercial value.
Source: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnsv/66/Supplement/66_S283/_pdf
Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337926012_Microbiological_studies_on_fly_wings_Musca_domestica_where_disease_and_treat
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/bookseries/abs/pii/B9780443157561000057
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006291X17312433
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26434321/
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